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# Oraset Programming Language
Oraset is a simple cross-platform programming language implemented in Python, supporting both Windows and Linux systems.
## Features
- Cross-platform operation (Windows and Linux)
- Simple and easy-to-understand syntax
- Support for variable definition and assignment
- Support for expression evaluation (arithmetic, comparison, logical)
- Support for conditional statements (if, else if, else)
- Support for loop statements (while)
- Support for function definition and call
- Support for class definition
- Support for output functionality
- Support for comments
## Quick Start
### Runtime Environment
- Python 3.6+
### How to Run
```bash
# Run .oas or .oraset file
python oraset.py <filename.oas|.oraset>
# Pack .oas or .oraset file into .osp file
python oraset.py pack <filename.oas|.oraset>
# Run .osp file
python oraset.py -osp <filename.osp>
```
### Example
Create a file named `hello.oas` with the following content:
```oraset
!! Output Hello, Oraset!
show(`Hello, Oraset!`);
!! Variable definition and calculation
x = 10;
y = 20;
sum = x + y;
show(`10 + 20 = `, sum);
!! Conditional statement
if (sum > 25) {
show(`Sum is greater than 25`);
} else {
show(`Sum is less than or equal to 25`);
}
!! Loop statement
i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
show(`i = `, i);
i = i + 1;
}
!! Function definition
def add(a, b) {
return a + b;
}
!! Function call
result = add(5, 6);
show(`5 + 6 = `, result);
!! Class definition
class Calculator {
def multiply(a, b) {
return a * b;
}
}
```
Run:
```bash
python oraset.py hello.oas
```
## Syntax Guide
### Comments
Use `!!` to start a single-line comment:
```oraset
!! This is a comment
```
Use `!*` and `*!` to enclose multi-line comments:
```oraset
!* This is a
multi-line comment *!
```
### Built-in Library Functions
Oraset provides the following built-in library functions:
#### Math Functions
| Function | Description | Example |
|---------|-------------|--------|
| `abs(x)` | Returns the absolute value of x | `abs(-10)``10` |
| `max(x, y)` | Returns the maximum of x and y | `max(10, 20)``20` |
| `min(x, y)` | Returns the minimum of x and y | `min(10, 20)``10` |
| `pow(x, y)` | Returns x raised to the power of y | `pow(2, 3)``8` |
| `sqrt(x)` | Returns the square root of x (integer part) | `sqrt(16)``4` |
#### String Functions
| Function | Description | Example |
|---------|-------------|--------|
| `len(s)` | Returns the length of string s | `len("Hello")``5` |
| `upper(s)` | Converts string s to uppercase | `upper("Hello")``HELLO` |
| `lower(s)` | Converts string s to lowercase | `lower("HELLO")``hello` |
| `substring(s, start, end)` | Returns the substring of s from start to end | `substring("Hello", 0, 3)``Hel` |
| `startsWith(s, prefix)` | Checks if string s starts with prefix | `startsWith("Hello", "He")``1` |
| `endsWith(s, suffix)` | Checks if string s ends with suffix | `endsWith("Hello", "lo")``1` |
| `replace(s, old, new)` | Replaces old with new in string s | `replace("Hello", "He", "Hi")``Hiello` |
| `split(s, sep)` | Splits string s by separator sep | `split("a,b,c", ",")``["a", "b", "c"]` |
| `trim(s)` | Removes whitespace from both ends of string s | `trim(" Hello ")``Hello` |
#### Array Functions
| Function | Description | Example |
|---------|-------------|--------|
| `array(...items)` | Creates an array with the specified elements | `array("a", "b", "c")``["a", "b", "c"]` |
| `push(arr, item)` | Adds an element to the array | `push(["a", "b"], "c")``["a", "b", "c"]` |
| `pop(arr)` | Removes the last element from the array | `pop(["a", "b", "c"])``["a", "b"]` |
| `indexOf(arr, item)` | Returns the index of item in array arr, or -1 if not found | `indexOf(["a", "b", "c"], "b")``1` |
#### Type Check Functions
| Function | Description | Example |
|---------|-------------|--------|
| `is_number(x)` | Checks if x is a number | `is_number("123")``1` |
| `is_string(x)` | Checks if x is a string | `is_string("Hello")``1` |
#### Other Functions
| Function | Description | Example |
|---------|-------------|--------|
| `input(prompt)` | Gets input from the user | `input("Enter a value: ")` |
| `int(s)` | Converts string s to an integer | `int("123")``123` |
| `str(x)` | Converts x to a string | `str(123)``"123"` |
#### File Operation Functions
| Function | Description | Example |
|---------|-------------|--------|
| `file_read(filename)` | Reads file content | `file_read("test.txt")` |
| `file_write(filename, content)` | Writes content to file | `file_write("test.txt", "Hello")` |
| `file_exists(filename)` | Checks if file exists | `file_exists("test.txt")``1` (exists) or `0` (does not exist) |
#### Time Functions
| Function | Description | Example |
|---------|-------------|--------|
| `time_now()` | Gets current timestamp | `time_now()` |
| `time_sleep(seconds)` | Sleeps for specified seconds | `time_sleep(2)` |
#### Random Functions
| Function | Description | Example |
|---------|-------------|--------|
| `random_int(min, max)` | Generates random integer between min and max | `random_int(1, 100)` |
| `random_float()` | Generates random float between 0 and 1 | `random_float()` |
#### System Functions
| Function | Description | Example |
|---------|-------------|--------|
| `system(command)` | Executes system command | `system("dir")` |
| `get_env(var_name)` | Gets environment variable | `get_env("PATH")` |
### Math Module
**Note: Using math functions requires importing the math module first**
```oraset
import math
```
| Function | Description | Example |
|---------|-------------|--------|
| `abs(x)` | Returns the absolute value of x | `abs(-10)``10.0` |
| `max(x, y)` | Returns the maximum of x and y | `max(10, 20)``20.0` |
| `min(x, y)` | Returns the minimum of x and y | `min(10, 20)``10.0` |
| `pow(x, y)` | Returns x raised to the power of y | `pow(2, 3)``8.0` |
| `sqrt(x)` | Returns the square root of x | `sqrt(16)``4.0` |
| `sin(x)` | Returns the sine of x (in degrees) | `sin(90)``1.0` |
| `cos(x)` | Returns the cosine of x (in degrees) | `cos(0)``1.0` |
| `tan(x)` | Returns the tangent of x (in degrees) | `tan(45)``1.0` |
| `asin(x)` | Returns the arcsine of x (in degrees) | `asin(1)``90.0` |
| `acos(x)` | Returns the arccosine of x (in degrees) | `acos(1)``0.0` |
| `atan(x)` | Returns the arctangent of x (in degrees) | `atan(1)``45.0` |
| `pi()` | Returns the value of pi | `pi()``3.141592653589793` |
| `e()` | Returns the value of e | `e()``2.718281828459045` |
#### Network Request Functions
**Note: Using network request functions requires importing the http module first**
```oraset
import http
```
| Function | Description | Example |
|---------|-------------|--------|
| `http_get(url)` | Sends an HTTP GET request and returns the response | `http_get("http://example.com")` |
| `http_post(url, data)` | Sends an HTTP POST request and returns the response | `http_post("http://httpbin.org/post", "{\"name\": \"Oraset\", \"version\": \"1.0\"}")` |
### Plugin System
Oraset supports user-defined plugins. You can place your extension functions in the `includes` folder.
#### Creating a Plugin
1. Create a file with `.oraset` extension in the `includes` folder
2. Define functions, classes, etc. in the file
3. Load the plugin using `import plugin_name` directive
#### Example
Create `includes/math_utils.oraset` file:
```oraset
!! Math utilities plugin
def add(a, b) {
return a + b;
}
def subtract(a, b) {
return a - b;
}
```
Use it in your code:
```oraset
import math_utils
result = add(10, 20);
show(`10 + 20 = `, result);
```
### Variables
Variable definition and assignment:
```oraset
x = 10; // Integer
message = `Hello`; // String
```
### Data Types
- Integers: `10`, `20`, `30`
- Strings: `` `Hello` ``, `` `World` ``
Strings support the following escape sequences:
| Escape Sequence | Description |
|----------------|-------------|
| `\n` | Newline |
| `\t` | Tab |
| `\r` | Carriage return |
| `\\` | Backslash |
| `` \` `` | Backtick |
Examples:
```oraset
// Output multi-line text
show(`Line 1\nLine 2`);
// Output text with tabs
show(`Column 1\tColumn 2`);
// Output text with backslashes
show(`Path: C:\\Users\\Name`);
```
### Operators
#### Arithmetic Operators
- `+`Addition
- `-`Subtraction
- `*`Multiplication
- `/`Division (integer division)
#### Comparison Operators
- `==`Equal to
- `!=`Not equal to
- `<`Less than
- `<=`Less than or equal to
- `>`Greater than
- `>=`Greater than or equal to
#### Logical Operators
- `&&`Logical AND
- `||`Logical OR
#### Assignment Operators
- `=`Assignment
- `+=`Add assignment
- `-=`Subtract assignment
- `*=`Multiply assignment
- `/=`Divide assignment
### Conditional Statements
```oraset
if (condition) {
// Code block
} else if (condition) {
// Code block
} else {
// Code block
}
```
### Loop Statements
```oraset
while (condition) {
// Code block
}
```
### Function Definition
```oraset
def function_name(parameter1, parameter2, ...) {
// Code block
return value;
}
```
### Function Call
```oraset
result = function_name(arg1, arg2, ...);
```
### Class Definition
```oraset
class ClassName {
def method_name(parameter1, parameter2, ...) {
// Code block
return value;
}
}
```
### Output
Use the `show` function to output content:
```oraset
show(`Hello`);
show(`The value is `, x);
```
## Example Code
### Basic Example
```oraset
// Variables and expressions
x = 10;
y = 20;
sum = x + y;
show(`Sum: `, sum);
// Conditional statements
if (sum > 25) {
show(`Sum is greater than 25`);
} else if (sum == 25) {
show(`Sum is exactly 25`);
} else {
show(`Sum is less than 25`);
}
// Loop statements
i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
show(`i = `, i);
i += 1;
}
```
### Function Example
```oraset
// Function definition
def add(a, b) {
return a + b;
}
def multiply(a, b) {
return a * b;
}
// Function call
result1 = add(10, 20);
result2 = multiply(5, 6);
show(`10 + 20 = `, result1);
show(`5 * 6 = `, result2);
// Recursive function
def factorial(n) {
if (n == 0 || n == 1) {
return 1;
}
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}
result = factorial(5);
show(`Factorial of 5 is `, result);
```
### Class Example
```oraset
// Class definition
class Calculator {
def add(a, b) {
return a + b;
}
def subtract(a, b) {
return a - b;
}
def multiply(a, b) {
return a * b;
}
def divide(a, b) {
return a / b;
}
}
// Note: Class method calls need to be implemented through functions
// In the current version, class definitions are stored but not directly instantiated
```
## Project Structure
```
Oraset/
├── oraset.py # Core interpreter
├── examples/ # Example code
│ ├── hello.oas # Basic example
│ ├── hello.osp # Packed basic example
│ ├── functions.oas # Function example
│ └── classes.oas # Class example
├── README.md # This tutorial (Chinese)
└── README.en_us.md # This tutorial (English)
```
## .osp File Description
.osp files are the packed file format for Oraset, generated by compressing and encoding .oas files. They have the following features:
- **Encryption**: .osp files use base64 encoding and zlib compression, making the source code not easily viewable directly
- **Cross-platform**: .osp files can be run directly on both Windows and Linux systems
- **Convenience**: .osp files are standalone files that can be easily distributed and used
### Packing .oas Files
Use the `pack` command to pack .oas files into .osp files:
```bash
python oraset.py pack <filename.oas>
```
This will generate a file with the same name as the .oas file but with the .osp extension.
### Running .osp Files
Use the `-osp` parameter to run .osp files:
```bash
python oraset.py -osp <filename.osp>
```
This will automatically decompress and execute the code in the .osp file.
## Development Notes
Oraset is implemented in Python and mainly consists of the following components:
- **Lexer**: Lexical analyzer, responsible for converting source code into tokens
- **Parser**: Syntax analyzer, responsible for building abstract syntax tree (AST)
- **Interpreter**: Interpreter, responsible for executing AST and generating results
## Future Plans
- Support more data types (floating-point numbers, booleans, etc.)
- Improve class instantiation and method calls
- Support module import
- Add standard library
- Optimize performance
## License
GNU General Public License v3.0